MENGENAL HTML 5

Halo teman- teman sebelum kita belajar html kali ini saya akan membahas pengenalan HTML, fungsi HTML, konsep HTML, cara kerja HTML dan cara penulisan HTML dari dasar, pasti sudah pada tau dong apa itu HTML? HTML adalah singkatan Hyper Text Markup Language, Hyper Text Markup Language dapat kita kelompokan menjadi dua suku kata yaitu :

-          Hyper Text berarti teks aktif maksudnya adalah sebuah teks yang memiliki kemampuan dapat terhubung antara teks suatu halaman dengan halaman yang lain.

-          Markup Language menjelaskan bahwa dokumen HTML ini disusun oleh tag- tag markup dan setiap tag pada HTML menjelaskan perintah isi dokumen yang berbeda- beda.

Fungsi dari HTML ?

HTML adalah teknologi dasar yang digunakan untuk membuat dasar dari sebuah halaman web dengan menghubungkan teks / link antar halaman, memberi struktur dan membagikan informasi yang terkait dengan sebuah halaman web. Lalu kenapa HTML pada Web bisa menampilkan animasi- animasi dan efek-efek yang bagus?Hal itu dikarenakan Konten sebuah web selain teks dapat bermacam- macam seperti video, audio, gambar, dan agar tampilan web kita semakin menarik biasanya didalam sebuah web di tambahkan Javascript sebagai animasi, dan CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) sebagai pemberi make-up atau style.

Struktur HTML5 adalah sebagai berkut :

Penambahan Tag baru pada HTML5 (Semantic/Structural Elements baru pada HTML5)

<article> Mendefinisikan sebuah artikel
<aside> Mendefinisikan isi selain dari konten halaman
<bdi> Isolat bagian dari teks yang dapat diformat dalam arah yang berbeda dari teks lain di luar itu
<command> Mendefinisikan sebuah tombol perintah bahwa seorang pengguna dapat meminta
<details> Mendefinisikan rincian tambahan bahwa pengguna dapat melihat atau menyembunyikan
<summary> Mendefinisikan sebuah judul terlihat untuk elemen <details>
<figure> Menentukan mandiri konten, seperti ilustrasi, diagram, foto, daftar kode, dll
<figcaption> Mendefinisikan sebuah caption untuk elemen <figure>
<footer> Mendefinisikan footer untuk dokumen atau bagian
<header> Mendefinisikan sebuah header untuk dokumen atau bagian
<hgroup> Grup seperangkat <h1> untuk elemen <h6> ketika pos memiliki beberapa tingkat
<mark> Mendefinisikan teks ditandai / disorot
<meter> Mendefinisikan pengukuran skalar dalam kisaran dikenal (gauge)
<nav> Mendefinisikan navigasi link
<progress> Merupakan kemajuan tugas
<ruby> Mendefinisikan sebuah penjelasan ruby (untuk tipografi Asia Timur)
<rt> Mendefinisikan sebuah penjelasan / pengucapan karakter (untuk tipografi Asia Timur)
<rp> Mendefinisikan apa yang harus ditampilkan di browser yang tidak mendukung penjelasan ruby
<section> Mendefinisikan sebuah bagian dalam sebuah dokumen
<time> Mendefinisikan tanggal / waktu
<wbr> Mendefinisikan sebuah kemungkinan garis-break
<audio> Mendefinisikan isi suara
<video> Mendefinisikan sebuah video atau film
<source> Mendefinisikan beberapa sumber daya media untuk <video> dan <audio>
<embed> Mendefinisikan sebuah wadah untuk aplikasi luar atau konten interaktif (plug-in)
<track> Mendefinisikan trek teks untuk <video> dan <audio>
<canvas> Digunakan untuk menggambar grafik, dengan cepat, melalui scripting (JavaScript biasanya)
<datalist> Menentukan daftar yang telah ditentukan pilihan untuk kontrol input
<keygen> Mendefinisikan sebuah field kunci-pasangan generator (untuk bentuk)
<output> Mendefinisikan hasil perhitungan
Penghapusan Tag pada HTML5
<acronym>
<applet>
<basefont>
<big>
<center>
<dir>
<font>
<frame>
<frameset>
<noframes>
<strike>
<tt>
<u>

Sumber :

http://under-88.blogspot.co.id/2012/05/definisi-dan-pengertian-html5.html#axzz4B5hOryfi

 www.w3schools.com

Reported Speech

Reported speech (also called indirect speech) is used to report what someone said to another person, but without using the exact words. Look at the example:

A friend, Bopha, says to you:
 • I went to the stasiun last night.

You say to someone else:
 → Bopha said (that) she had been to the stasiun the night before.

The verb 'said' is called a reporting verb. Other reporting verbs are: accuse, admit, advise, allege, agree, apologize, beg, boast, complain, deny, explain, imply, invite, offer, order, promise, reply, suggest and think. Using them properly can make what you say much more interesting and informative.

To report direct speech, a few changes are necessary; often a pronoun, tense, and adverb.


CHANGES WHEN REPORTING

1.      Change in Tenses
Move one tense backwards, see the list below:
 • Simple Present → Simple Past
 • Present Progressive → Past Progressive
 • Simple Past → Past Perfect Simple
 • Present Perfect Simple → Past Perfect Simple
 • Past Progressive → Past Perfect Progressive
 • Present Perfect Progressive → Past Perfect Progressive
 • Future: Be going to → was / were going to
 • Future: Will → Would
 • Conditional I (will) → Would

Note: could, should, would, might, needn’t, ought to, and used to do not change.

2.      Change in Adverbs
Time and place references often have to change. For examples,
 • today → that day
 • now → then
 • yesterday → the day before/ the previous day
 • … days ago → … days before
 • last week → the week before/ the previous week
 • next year → the following year/ the year after
 • tomorrow → the next day / the following day
 • here/there → there
 • this/that → that
 • these/those → those

3.      Change in pronouns
Pronouns have to be changed depending on who says what and in which situation. For examples,
 • She said, "I teach English online."
 → She said that she taught English online.

OPTIONAL CHANGES IN TENSE
            In some cases, it is not necessary to change the tense. But if you are not sure, YOU ARE ADVISED TO CHANGE ALL THE TIME. Let see each case and examples below.

1). The reporting verb (or introductory clause) is in Simple Present (e. g. He says that...), Present Continuous (e.g. She is saying that…), Present Perfect (She has said that...), and Future (She will says...). For examples:
Quoted: My friend says, "I'll meet you in Siem Reap.”
Reported: My friend says that he will meet me in Paris.
Quoted: Maly will say, “She will quit her present job.”
Reported: Maly will say that she will quit her present job.

2). Reporting something immediate after speaking, or which has just said. For example,
Quoted: “I never forget anything.”
Reported: You have just said you never forget anything.

3). Reporting facts or general truth. For examples,
Quoted: My friend said, "The sky is blue?"
Reported: My friend said the sky is/was blue.

4). Reporting something that is still true. For examples,
Quoted: "The National Museum is painted Red."
Reported: He said that the National Museum is painted red.
Quoted: “Ban Ki-moon is the UN Secretary General.”
Reported: He told me that Ban Ki-moon is the UN Secretary General.

sumber : http://grammarkit.blogspot.co.id/2013/04/reported-speech.html#.V1lyI32hpYR

Elliptical Sentences

Elliptical sentence is a shorter form of sentence which some words have been omitted, but it retains the same meaning. It is used so that we can avoid unnecessary repeated words.
It is noticeable that elliptical sentences are used quite common in some contexts as:

1.      In normal conversation

  •  A: Where are you going?  B: To school. (= I am going to school.)
  •  A: Ready? (= Are you ready?) B: Yes, I am. (= Yes, I am ready.)

2.       In comparison

  •  Phalla is taller than Phearom.
     (= Phalla is taller than Phearom is tall.)
  •  The ads attracted younger than older people.
     (= The ads attracted younger than  it attracted  older people.)

3.      In sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions

  •  I have washed and ironed my clothes.
     (= I have washed my clothes, and I have ironed my clothes.)
  •  Bora likes football, Phalla volleyball, and Sopheak basketball.
     (= Bora likes football, Phalla likes volleyball, and Sopheak likes basketball.)
  •  Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak three.
     (= Kolab has five dollars, and Sopheak  has  three dollars.)

4.      In some dependent clauses

  •  If you clean the house today, i will tomorrow.
     (= If you clean the house today, i will clean the house tomorrow.)
  •  I will go to the party if you will.
     (= I will go to the party if you will go to the party.)

5.      In reduced clauses

  •  The song sung by Preap Sovath was so popular.
     (= The song which was sung by Preap Sovath was so popular. )
  •  The man selling the shoes is my friend.
     (= The man who is selling the shoes is my friend.)
  •  The police has found the car stolen yesterday.
     (= The police has found the car which was stolen yesterday.)
  •  When studying, he tried hard.
     (= When he was studying, he tried hard. )
  •  I visited the Bayon Temple after coming back from Battambang.
     (= I visited the Bayon Temple after I came back from Battambang. )
  •  Though a bit nervous, she presented the products to the doctor very well.
     (= Though she was a bit nervous, she presented the products to the doctor very well.)

6.      When used with "SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER"

  •  My sister is tall, and so do my brothers.
     (= My sister is tall, and my brothers are tall, too.)
  •  A : I was very sleepy last night.  B : So am I.
     (= A : I was very sleepy last night.  B : I am hungry, too.)
  •  My mom likes mangoes and my brother does too.
     (= My mom likes mangoes, and my brother likes mangoes, too.)
  •  He didn't say anything, and I didn't either.
     (= He didn't say anything, and I didn't say anything, too.)
  •  Her father likes to travel, and she does either.
     (= Her father likes to travel, and she likes to travel, too.)
  •  He didn't study hard, and neither did I.
     (= He didn't study hard, and I didn't study hard, too.)
  •  She doesn't review the lessons, and neither her friend.

     (= She doesn't review the lessons, and her friend didn't review the lessons, too.)

sumber : http://thewindlike.blogspot.co.id/2012/12/elliptical-sentence.html#.VzaVp32hpYR